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Autonomous morality and heteronomous morality

In the heteronomous world, we attribute everything to something external: the fault lies with the devil or the obsessor, the effect lies with divine wrath, and the reparation lies with the karmic imposition. Everything, absolutely everything in the heteronomous world comes as an external imposition, through laws that we respect out of obligation and not out of understanding. And in the absence of her or her actors, we find ourselves without limits and even without self-love.

The principle of happiness and unhappiness

The principle of happiness and unhappiness: this understanding, which seems very simple at first, and which is of paramount importance, is not very easy to internalize. How will she be? Through study, which leads to knowledge, which strengthens reason. The Spirit really only changes when it understands its imperfections and mistakes and when, actively, of its own volition, it starts to seek to overcome them.

Cover image: Allan Kardec and Paul Janet

Punishment and reward: you need to study Paul Janet to understand Allan Kardec

Many, when reading Kardec, suppose that he, due to the words he used in his works, was just reproducing ideas and concepts originating from the Catholic Church. Nothing could be further from the truth, as we will see in this article, since Kardec was, in fact, using the concepts widely disseminated and understood in the midst of French cultured society, which, by the way, was the class that was most interested in the study of Spiritism.